According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), among the top ten leading causes of death in the United States per year are diseases that include heart disease (696,962), cancer (602,350), stroke (160,264), Alzheimer’s disease (134,242) and diabetes (102,188).1 It makes sense, then, that there would be substantial clinical efforts to provide preventative and curative treatments for these conditions. However, when planning your trial to test the efficacy of your treatment, how often do you reflect on the actual patient population?